Fabrice Barlesi is General Director of the Gustave Roussy in Paris and a Professor of Medicine at the Paris Saclay University, both in France. He was previously Head of the multidisciplinary Oncology and Innovative Therapies Department and the Marseille Centre for Early Phases Trials in Oncology, both of which he founded, at Aix Marseille University Hospital. Professor Barlesi holds a PhD in sciences and management with methods of analysis of healthcare systems, together with a master’s degree in general hospital management. As a specialist in lung cancer, precision medicine and cancer immunology, Professor Barlesi is a major contributor to research in the field of novel oncology therapies. He is co-founder of Marseille Immunopôle, a public–private French immunology network, which aims coordinate immunological expertise in the Aix-Marseille metropolitan area. As part of this initiative Professor Barlesi leads the Pioneer Project, a major international research programme with the objective of improving our understanding of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in lung cancer and preventing and overcoming it. His research has been recognised through numerous awards, including the European Society of Medical Oncology / International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Heine H Hansen Award and the Daniel C Ihde Award. Professor Barlesi has authored or co-authored over 400 scientific articles that have featured in international peer-reviewed journals.